The Copper Crisis and the Rise of Aluminum Wiring

In the mid-1960s, the price of copper skyrocketed, leading builders to seek cheaper alternatives for electrical wiring. Aluminum became the go-to choice, and between 1965 and 1973, many homes were wired with single-strand aluminum branch circuits. However, it soon became clear that aluminum had significant drawbacks compared to copper.

Why Aluminum Wiring Can Be Dangerous

Aluminum has several properties that make it less suitable for electrical wiring:

• Higher Resistance: Aluminum resists electrical flow more than copper, meaning it generates more heat, increasing fire risk.

• Less Ductile: Aluminum is more prone to breaking down when bent or manipulated, leading to internal damage and increased resistance.

• Corrosion and Oxidation: Aluminum is vulnerable to corrosion in the presence of moisture and oxidizes easily, forming a less conductive layer that can degrade connections.

• Malleability and Expansion: Aluminum is softer and expands more with heat than copper, making connections prone to loosening over time.

The Risks

These characteristics can lead to loose connections, overheating, and ultimately, fires. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimates that homes with older aluminum wiring are 55 times more likely to have fire hazard conditions than those with copper wiring.

Identifying Aluminum Wiring

• Color: Aluminum wiring has a distinct silver color.

• Markings: Look for "CO/ALR" markings on devices, indicating they are compatible with aluminum wiring.

• Wire Jacket: The jacket may have "aluminum" or "AL" printed on it.

• Age of Home: Homes built or renovated between 1965 and 1973 are more likely to have aluminum wiring.

What to Do if You Have Aluminum Wiring

If your home has aluminum wiring, it's crucial to have it inspected by a qualified electrician experienced in evaluating and correcting aluminum wiring issues.

Correction Options

• Rewiring: The most effective but often expensive solution is to replace the aluminum wiring with copper.

• Copalum Crimps: This method involves attaching copper wire to the existing aluminum wire using special connectors and tools.

• Other Methods: While not recommended by the CPSC as permanent solutions, other methods like applying antioxidant paste or using specialized connectors may be considered.

Insurance Implications

The presence of aluminum wiring may affect your home insurance policy. It's essential to discuss this with your insurance agent to ensure you have adequate coverage.

Home Inspectors and Aluminum Wiring

Home inspectors are required to report on the presence of single-strand aluminum branch wiring. This helps raise awareness of the potential hazards and encourages homeowners to take appropriate action.